Retirement is far from most teenagers’ minds when they get their first jobs. But those early earning years can create a significant financial opportunity: and decades of potential tax-advantaged growth. Even modest contributions to an IRA now can substantially multiply over time.
Traditional vs. Roth IRAs
Working teens can opt for a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA. Both offer the power of tax-advantaged compounding. For example, just $2,000 contributed to an IRA earning 5% annually will grow to nearly $23,000 50 years later without any additional deposits. But there are important tax differences between the two types of IRAs:
Traditional IRA
Contributions to a traditional IRA will usually be deductible for teens. The deduction may be phased out if a taxpayer’s income exceeds certain amounts and he or she (or his or her spouse) participates in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k). But teenagers generally won’t be affected by these limitations.
On the downside, traditional IRA withdrawals are generally taxable. In addition, a penalty applies if funds are withdrawn before age 59½ — unless an exception is available — and a larger penalty applies if required minimum distributions (RMDs) aren’t taken beginning at the age required (75 for today’s teens if future legislation doesn’t increase it). For young workers in very low tax brackets, the upfront tax deduction may provide only limited value.
Roth IRA
Roth IRA contributions are never deductible. But withdrawals — including earnings — are tax free as long as the account owner is age 59½ or older and the account has been open at least five years. In addition, contributions can be withdrawn at any time tax- and penalty-free as well as no RMDs during the original owner’s lifetime. For many teenagers, these benefits outweigh the relatively small tax deduction they might receive from a traditional IRA.
To contribute to either a traditional or a Roth IRA, a teen must have taxable compensation, such as wages or net earnings from self-employment. For 2026, the annual contribution limit for IRAs is the lesser of taxable compensation or $7,500. This is on a combined basis for both types of IRAs.
Typically, a parent or other adult opens a custodial IRA for a minor. The child takes control when he or she reaches the age specified under applicable state law and the account arrangement.
Roth IRA advantages
Because many working teenagers have little or no taxable income after their standard deduction is applied, a deduction for a traditional IRA contribution often provides little immediate tax benefit. As a result, a Roth IRA can be the more attractive option. Pay low tax now enjoy tax free withdrawals later when tax rates may be higher.
Consider Abigail, 16, who started her first part-time job at a local cafe and expects to earn $7,500 in 2026. Her Parents set up a Roth IRA for her because her account should have many decades to grow and qualified distributions will be tax-free.
Abigail’s income is low enough that she likely will owe no federal income tax, so a current deduction for traditional IRA contributions will probably offer little, if any, benefit. The potential for tax-free qualified distributions in the future is more valuable than a deduction for a traditional IRA contribution now.
Abigail doesn’t even have to use her own earnings to contribute. If she wants to contribute only $1,500 of her earnings, her parents, grandparents or others could give her $6,000 so she can contribute the full $7,500. Her family should consider any gift-tax reporting or college financial-aid implications before using this approach.
An IRA alternative
Section 530A (Trump) accounts provide another tax-advantaged savings opportunity for teens. They’re similar to an IRA, but contributions don’t require the child to have earned income. (The $1,000 federal contribution you probably have heard about is limited to qualifying children born from 2025 through 2028, so today’s teens aren’t eligible.)
Similar to a Roth IRA, contributions aren’t deductible, but the portion of distributions attributable to growth will be taxable. Annual contributions to a 530A account are generally limited to $5,000, though some special contributions don’t count toward that limit. Your teen may be able to contribute more to a traditional or Roth IRA.
530A accounts generally prohibit distributions and restrict investments during the growth period (until the year the child turns age 18). So a traditional or Roth IRA may offer a working teen more flexibility.
If a family can afford to contribute to both an IRA and a 530A account for a teen who’s eligible, the teen could save as much as $12,500 for 2026. Please note 530A accounts were only recently enacted and IRS and Treasury guidance is still developing. Future guidance could affect the rules.
Employing your children
If your teen doesn’t currently have earned income but you own a business, consider hiring him or her. Employing your child can provide the earned income for an IRA contribution, as well as a business deduction. To withstand IRS Scrutiny, the child must perform legitimate work and receive reasonable compensation. The employer needs to maintain records of duties, hours worked and pay.
Put early earnings to work
For a working teen, an IRA can provide an early start on decades of tax-advantaged saving. 2026 IRA contributions can be made as late as April 15, 2027, but the income to support them must be earned by December 31, 2026.
Whether a traditional or Roth IRA is better — and how a 530A account might fit in — depends on a variety of factors. Your Wegner Tax Advisor can help you determine what fits your family’s circumstances and put those early earnings to work for the future.
